Abstract
Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs) during pregnancy represent a significant clinical concern due to their potential impact on both maternal health and fetal development. These infections can induce systemic inflammatory responses, endothelial dysfunction, and immune-mediated alterations that adversely affect placental structure and function. Impairment of fetoplacental function may manifest as reduced placental perfusion, altered nutrient and oxygen transport, and disturbances in hormonal and metabolic regulation. Additionally, ARVIs may influence maternal–fetal circulation by causing changes in uteroplacental and fetoplacental blood flow, increasing the risk of fetal hypoxia, intrauterine growth restriction, and adverse perinatal outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms through which acute respiratory viral infections affect the fetoplacental complex and maternal–fetal hemodynamics is essential for early diagnosis, risk stratification, and the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed at improving pregnancy outcomes.
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