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Abstract
Insulin is a key regulatory hormone responsible for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis through its effects on carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Impairment of insulin secretion or action results in dysregulation of glucose balance and contributes to the development of metabolic disorders, particularly diabetes mellitus. Recent scientific advances have provided new insights into insulin signaling pathways, insulin resistance, and the complex interaction between metabolic tissues. This thesis summarizes modern perspectives on insulin function, mechanisms of glucose regulation, and current therapeutic strategies aimed at improving glycemic control.
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